Athol Fugard essays

Athol Fugard expositions At the point when I consider how I could be capable t identify with Master Harold and the young men by Athol Fugard, almost no appears to ring a bell. In my life I have not by and by encountered any of the supremacist encounters that were shown in the play. At the point when I was youthful my folks ingrained in me tolerating individuals for their own attributes and not their physical ones. With along these lines of reasoning I was careless in regards to bigotry for a decent part of my life. In my life the main time I for one recall prejudice influencing me, even in a roundabout way, was the point at which my Cub Scout nook was glancing around to see which Boy Scout troop we should join. My mom, conversing with the scout ace disclosed to him that there were two white young men and two dark young men in her lair. After hearing this, the scout ace told my mom that he didn't need any monkeys in his troop and proceeded to affront their insight level. At the point when my mom griped to the authorities at the scout office about this occurrence she was informed that she would need to go to a meeting with the individual she was blaming and go up against him there. Disregarding how troublesome it was for my mom to stand up to somebody she finished the arrangement and inside a couple months the troop was disbanded. Last on my companions and I joined the troop that I am as of now with which readily acknowledged them as individuals. From what I have realized in school about American history, bigotry in the nineteen fifties was normal spot in this nation. Isolation right now was spread through everything from water fountains and park seats to eateries and lodgings. Dark kids had to go to isolate schools of lower quality, even some lynching and cross burnings were occurring in specific towns. In spite of various commitments to society, for example, developments and making of million dollar organizations, blacks were as yet rewarded as below average ... <!

Psycho, The Movie Essay Example For Students

Psycho, The Movie Essay From the site: http://geocities.com/Hollywood/Lot/7145/By Esteban Mejia Mesa (2001)Psycho (1960) Perhaps no other film changed so definitely Hollywoods impression of the blood and gore movie as did PSYCHO. Additional astounding is the way that this despite everything frightening repulsiveness exemplary was coordinated by Alfred Hitchcock, a producer who never depended upon stun values until this film. Here Hitchcock enjoyed bareness, bloodbaths, necrophilia, transvestism, schizophrenia, and a large group of different restrictions and pulled off it, just on the grounds that he was Hitchcock. The incredible executive obfuscated his goal and thought processes by supposedly expressing that the whole film was simply one tremendous joke. Nobody snickered. Rather they flinched in their seats, hanging tight for the following ambush on their faculties. The brutality and phlebotomy of PSYCHO may look manageable to the individuals who have experienced childhood with Jason and Freddy Krueger, ye t nobody had ever observed anything like it in 1960. Enlivened by the life of the insane, barbarian Wisconsin executioner Ed Gein (whose shocking demonstrations would likewise move THE TEXAS CHAINSAW MASSACRE, 1974 and DERANGED, 1974), PSYCHO is presumably Hitchcocks generally horrifying and dim film. Its significance to its kind can't be overestimated. PSYCHOs suffering impact comes not just from the Norman Bates character (who has since been resurrected in an amazing assortment of structures), yet additionally from the mental subjects Hitchcock creates. Improving the continued dread of this movie are an amazing cast, from which the chief persuades exceptional exhibitions, and Bernard Herrmanns chilling score. Particularly compelling is the arrangers purported murder music, sharp shrieking sounds that move quickly over the watchers cognizance as fast as the executioners destructive blade. Bernard Herrmann accomplished this impact by having a gathering of musician wildly observed si milar notes again and again. Hitchcock truly stunned Paramount when he requested that he be permitted to film the shabby, electrifying novel that Robert Bloch dependent on the Gein killings. Blochs topic and characters were an incredible takeoff from the complex manslaughter and refined characters normally found in Hitchcocks films, however the movie producer kept after the studios front office until the officials yielded. He was told, in any case, that he would need to shoot the film on an incredibly constrained budgetno more than $800,000. Shockingly, Hitchcock acknowledged the spending limitations and proceeded with the film, using TV specialized individuals, who were more affordable than standard Hollywood groups. In addition, the chief, understanding that Paramount anticipated that this should be his first film industry disappointment, suggested that he fund the film with his own cash as a byproduct of 60 percent of the benefits. Soothed that its own coffers were secure, Paramo unt consented to go about as the movies wholesaler. However, even Hitchcocks close partners would not accept that he was settling on an astute choice. His long-term partner maker, Joan Harrison, would not take focuses in this movie, deciding on an immediate compensation, letting him know Youre all alone on this one, Hitch. Subsequent to dismissing author James Cavanaughs adjustment of the Bloch tale, Hitchcock, at the asking of MCA, met quickly with essayist Joseph Stefano, who had just a single screenplay credit, THE BLACK ORCHID (1959), a not exactly rousing film featuring Sophia Loren and Anthony Quinn. In spite of the fact that he had communicated questions about Stefano (who might later proceed to create The Outer Limits for TV), Hitchcock adjusted his perspective in the wake of meeting the essayist and gave him the green light. When Stefano disclosed to Hitchcock that he was unable to stir up a lot of compassion toward an unwelcome voyeur executioner in his forties (the age of the killer in Blochs tale), the chief proposed utilizing an a lot more youthful character and even recommended to the author that Perkins get the lead job. At the point when Hitchcock started creation on PSYCHO, he was informed that he would need to utilize the offices at Revue Studios, the TV division of Universal Studios, which Paramount had leased for the creation of the film. In spite of the fact that he couldn't utilize his past cinematographer, Robert Burks, Hitchcock figured out how to persuade Paramount that his uncommon editorial manager, George Tomasini, ought to be remembered for the creation. The executives propensity for detail was in full power here. He demanded that Stefano and others scout inns along Route 99 to figure out how they worked, who halted at them, and who ran them. The Bates Motel was then assembled on the Universal back parcel and was unquestionably on the undesirable side, with a downsized The chateau cost just $15,000 to develop and experts tore apart a few other stock structures on the parcel to minimize the expenses, tossing onto the structure a pinnacle that had been a piece of the Dowd home in HARVEY (1950). Perkins, at that point just twenty-seven, was employed without the on-screen character in any event, perusing the content. The rising youthful entertainer owed Paramount one film under his agreement and was taken on board both in light of the fact that Hitchcock thought him directly for the job of Norman Bates and in light of the fact that he would cost close to nothing. The job of the female lead was an issue. Hitchcock was supposedly keen on utilizing Shirley Jones, however her pay would have been excessively high. Rather, he chose Leigh, who was all the more a celebrity than a star at that point, despite the fact that this part would change that. The name of the principal casualty in the novel is Mary Crane, however when Hitchcocks analysts found that a genuine Mary Crane lived in Phoenixwhere the film beginsLeighs ch aracters name was changed to Marion to maintain a strategic distance from claims. Leigh got a duplicate of the Bloch tale before shooting started, yet the chief worked a note to her calling attention to that the female casualty, who is practically accidental in the novel, would have considerably more significance in the film. As a matter of fact Leigh is on screen for just forty-five minutes before she is sliced to pieces. Leighs moderately fast flight powers watchers to switch the focal point of their consideration regarding Perkins. Hitchcock can accomplish this transference of crowd compassion by demonstrating Perkinss Norman to be delicate and strangely convincing, persuading that his concealed mother is the guilty party. To secure the dangerous moms genuine personality, Hitchcock declared to the press that he was thinking about Helen Hayes or Judith Anderson to assume the job. This endeavor to set up watchers for the unexpected closure (an atypical completion for a movie by an executive who consistently maintained a strategic distance from shock endings) reverse discharges to some degree when Hitchcock was deluged with wires and letters from on-screen characters approaching to be considered for the job of the mother. Initially, the idea for the awful dead body was just an enormous plastic doll with glass eyes; notwithstanding, Hitchcock rushed to modify this methodology, subbing a depressed confronted, hardened cadaver of his own plan. He utilized that corpse for one of the numerous odd tricks he pulled on Leigh, which the on-screen character took so well that she immediately got one of Hitchcocks most loved entertainers. When the cadaver was made, Hitchcock had it put in Leighs changing area with the goal that when she entered and turned on the light the body sat smiling at her, making the entertainer let out puncturing shouts stronger and more alarming than her yells in the shower scene. The movies male lead, Gavin (who might later turn into the U.S. Di plomat to Mexico), establishes extensively less of a connection with watchers than the shower scene. Never Hitchcocks top decision for the devastated darling turned beginner investigator, Gavin, an agreement player at Universal (the studio that was leasing its offices to the creation), was for all intents and purposes constrained on Paramount. To be sure, Hitchcock needed anyone yet Gavin for the job and thought about Stuart Whitman, Tom Tryon, Brian Keith, Cliff Robertson, Tom Laughlin, Jack Lord, Robert Loggia (who might have a section in PSYCHO II, 1983), and Rod Taylor (who might star in Hitchcocks THE BIRDS, 1963.) In the end, Hitchcock yielded to pressure from Universal and gave Gavin the not exactly vital job, saying falteringly, I surmise hellfire be okay. The shower scene. At the point when it went to that renowned shower scene, Hitchcock not just endorsed of each and every detail in the scenefrom latrine to shower nozzlebut he exhibited each move the executioner and casual ty were to make. The chief even demonstrated Perkins precisely how he was to enclose the body by the shower drapery. Unexpectedly, Perkins was absent for the recording of Leighs murder. He later remarked: Not numerous individuals know this, yet I was in New York practicing for a play when the shower scene was shot in Hollywood. It is somewhat abnormal to experience life being related to this succession realizing that it was my twofold. In reality the first occasion when I saw PSYCHO and that shower scene was at the studio. I discovered it extremely startling. I was similarly as alarmed as any other individual. Chipping away at the image, however, was one of the most joyful shooting encounters of my life. We had a fabulous time having itnever understanding the effect it would have. It was Hitchcock who explicitly requested this homicide appeared as a severe thing, jotting in his own hand for shot 116: The slicing. An impression of a blade slicing, as though tearing at the very screen , tearing the film. This filmic killing is long, alarming, and bloody. Through lightning cuts among Leigh and closeups of the blade striking her body (she is wounded at any rate multiple times) and apparently puncturing her substance, Hitchcock depictsfor the first run through in film historythe wicked real factors of savage homicide. Purportedly, a quick movement switch shot was utilized to give the feeling that the blade really enters Leighs midsection. One more of the imaginative procedures Hitchcock utilizes in this incredible scene is the manner by which he shows the splash coming straightforwardly out of the shower spout. Planes of water envelop the camera while never hitting the focal point, as though Leigh is looking legitimately into the spout. To accomplish this impact, Hitchcock requested a colossal shower spout made, at that point moved his camera in for a c

Scholarship Relationships at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

External Fellowship/Scholarship Relationships at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Each year SIPA is proud to provide funding for some of our admitted applicants with ties to certain professional or academic organizations. For example, SIPA agrees to provide fellowships to a minimum number of Peace Corps, AmeriCorps, and Teach for America alumni each year. The process is competitive and we cannot award funding to every admitted applicant with such experience, but we value the experience applicants to our program gain by working for such organizations. When filling out the admission application applicants have the opportunity to list experience with specific organizations via a drop down list. To be considered for fellowships with ties to particular organizations simply indicate your affiliation in the appropriate place on the application site. This will alert the Admissions Committee and applicants who are admitted will be considered for such awards.

Hamlet and the Psychological Approach - 1798 Words

Hamlet and the Psychological approach After enveloping myself in the world of Shakespeare’s tragic play/story of Hamlet, I without a doubt believe that the best way for me to critically analyze the literature is to approach it in a psychological critic mindset. In relations to Hamlet a question keeps intriguing my mind, in which, why does one man choose to carryout revenge, how a lust for power can bend one’s own flesh and blood? Another question that I have is whether or not Hamlet is indeed crazy? If so, how would friendship function? Does he have a true friend? If so, who? Does he exhibit the behavior of a real friend? The first quote that centers itself on the discussion between Polonius and Ophelia in regards to Hamlet’s†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hamlet does not fulfill this duty until absolutely forced to do so by physical circumstances† this quote I got from the article proves that the way in which Hamlet went into seeking revenge for his father’s murder became enlar ged by the social interference that was occurring. The ghost for example, it kept creeping up on Hamlet giving him clues, turning him into someone he wasn’t by making him do things that were inappropriate for Hamlets lifestyle. The killing of his uncle Claudius was an example of what happened by the ghost. Hamlets view of Claudius represents Hamlet’s repressed hostility towards his father as a rival for his mother’s affection. This new king- father is the symbolic perpetrator of the very deeds towards which the son is impelled by his own unconscious motives: murder of his father and incest with his mother. Hamlet cannot bring himself to kill Claudius because to do so he must, in a psychological sense, commit suicide. The main idea in the Hamlet: The Oedipus Complex article was that Oedipus complex approach that Hamlet gave in this play. Oedipus is a group of largely dynamically repressed ideas and feelings which concentrate on the desire to possess the par ent of the opposite sex and eliminate the parent of the same sex. In this case that would be Ophelia. Hamlet and Ophelia were madly in love.Show MoreRelatedA Traditional Revenge Tragedy Approach To Hamlet759 Words   |  4 PagesRevenge Tragedy approach involves the drama of a character seeking revenge for an injury or caused by another character (Reedy). In the play of Hamlet, this approach can easily be seen in the character Hamlet’s plot to â€Å"remember† his father. After his father’s death, Hamlet spends the whole play concocting a plan to avenge his father. He develops a play to bring guilt to his father’s murderer and to convince the royal subjects of their king’s foul sin. The tragedy in this approach occurs at the endRead MoreThe Pathway to Psychosis1433 Words   |  6 Pagesinform against me† is a line from act IIII, scene IIII of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. This line, spoken by Hamlet, expresses his emotional state as he is currently overwhelmed by the death of his father, the king of Denmark, and the situation surrounding it. After Hamlet learns of his father’s death he finds out that his mother has married Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle. On top of all of that, Hamlet soon after discovers that Claudius murdered his father in order to become king, andRead MoreConflict Between Hamlet And Laerte By William Shakespeare1564 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout Hamlet, several characters die. For most, this happens through combat, such as the duel between Hamlet and Laerte, which kills them both. In the play, however, two characters die in quick, seemingly careless ways. The first, the fair Ophelia, is killed by her own madness in what seems to be suicide. The other, Gertrude, dies due to the carelessness of her husband, who accidentally poisons her. In both of these cases, their deaths, and the events that led to them, represent a differenceRead More Analysis of Hamlet Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is a suspenseful play that introduces the topic of tragedy. Throughout the play, Hamlet displays anger, uncertainty, and obsession with death. Although Hamlet is unaware of it, these emotions cause the mishaps that occur throughout the play. These emotions combined with his unawarenes s are the leading basis for the tragic hero’s flaws. These flaws lead Hamlet not to be a bad man, but a regular form of imperfection that comes along with being human. Read MoreHamlet s Life And The Way That He Portrays Women Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Hamlet, there is no doubt that Gertrude has had quite the major impact on Hamlet’s life and the way that he portrays women. Gertrude is the only woman in Hamlet’s life, so his view on women is strictly based off of what he knows about his mother. But is Gertrude a horrible mother? Is she a good mother? Is Ophelia a whore, or is this assumption based solely on Hamlet’s perspective of his mother? These questions can be answered through both a psychological and feminine approach, alongRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1308 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is arguably one of the greatest tragedies in all of literature and when most people thi nk of tragic plays, they think of none other than the one who wrote it, William Shakespeare. This classic story of revenge excites it’s readers with its main character, Prince Hamlet, who goes through the unique human-like process of revenge that is often overlooked. Many other stories rely heavily on the logic of good people doing good things and bad people doing bad things just for the sake of their natureRead MoreThe Symbolism of Ophelia’s Character Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesCharacter The name Ophelia has been most commonly associated with William Shakespeares play, Hamlet, where she is referred to as the title characters mad lover. She is believed to have killed herself out of madness by drowning herself in a river. Interpretations about Ophelias character have ranged from being a woman who lost her sanity upon her father, Polonius death to being the object of hatred by Hamlet. However, despite her supporting character in the play, her personality has roused numerousRead MoreHamlet: a Feminist Approach Essay examples1224 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet: A Feminist Approach Sexism: the belief or attitude that one sex is inherently superior to, more competent than, or more valuable than the other (most commonly used for male superiority). This idea that women are weak is not a new one in the modern world. It has been studied for countless years along with the concept of a patriarchal society. A patriarchy is defined as a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it. Such systems currentlyRead MoreOphelias Descent to Madness in Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagescould not take care of themselves. Shakespeare’s Hamlet shows how men treated and thought of women during the 1500s. There was an order most did not interfere with; however, some did. In the 1500s, women were supposed to conform to men’s wishes. Throughout the play, Ophelia first obeyed her father and brother’s wishes, ignored the social norms later, and then went mad, which caused her to never gain her own identity. To stay in control, the men in Hamlet taught Ophelia to fear her every day, naturalRead MoreThe Demon Lover By Elizabeth Bowen1383 Words   |  6 Pagesof consciousness. â€Å"The Demon Lover† by Elizabeth Bowen, â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night† by Dylan Thomas and â€Å"The Naming of Cats† by T.S. Eliot all embody these values in some way. The Modernism period gave authors a more open approach to express psychological feelings and also gave the reader the chance to criticize warfare while also being able to praise individual growth.   Ã‚  Ã‚   First, â€Å"The Demon Lover† by Elizabeth Bowen embodies the Modernist values psychology/science and the effects of war

Colonialism and Imperialism in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 660 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Heart of Darkness Essay Did you like this example? It ceased to be a blank space of delightful mystery†a white patch for a boy to dream gloriously over. It had become a place of darkness (Conrad 71). While Marlow is waiting for the Doctor to begin his physical, he notices a map of Africa, color-coded with the nations who have conquered the lands. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Colonialism and Imperialism in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness" essay for you Create order Those empire has caused the most damage and committed the most cruel actions to the land and the people. There is a large yellow patch in the middle of the map that marks the area Marlow will be traveling to. In the journey, as he get deep into the jungle, Marlow discover an external darkness and an internal darkness. He sees the reality of European presence, the evil side of humans nature, and how people even himself get dehumanized by the colonization. The deeper into the Congo, the less humanity they have. As Marlow travels from the Outer Station to the Inner Station, he sees first hand the reality of colonization. The European colonist enforcing the aimless work onto the Africans. Chained Natives are being forced to dig holes into the ground for the purpose in an unreal charity. It wasnt just a hole, it might have served some philanthropic desire of giving the criminals but basically slaves. Those natives did not do anything wrong and just be called criminals (Conrad 26). And along the way, Marlow sees the French ship was firing into the depth jungle. Marlow described those fire shot as squirt, to express the useless of those shots (Conrad 20). He also described the Europeans as flabby, devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly, those Chen !1 Europeans are using violence to satisfied their own desire and greedy hearts. Marlow begins to wonder about repercussions of dominating not just the jungle, but the world in this way. Marlow is who Kurtz used to be when Kurtz first began his journey in the Congo. Kurtz was willing to bring the idea of European civilization to Africans, but become a savage himself when he get into the jungle. There is a evil side lie within everyman, but being repressed by other stuff. Marlow discover Kurtz natural evil secluded from his heart. The Company are only run for the profit and Kurtz becomes corrupt by the power, both of them are ruthless, greedy, and amoral (Conrad 17). Kurtz wants everything get in his control, he states My ivory, my people, my station, my river (Conrad 73). Also, Kurtz get ivory by ribbing from the village and put those who rebels head around the house. Kurtzs own desire makes him occupied by the darkness in his heart and show out the evil side in his nature. This echoes back to the Doctor, who told Marlow the changes take place inside, you know.(Conrad 75). In the beginning, Marlow felt out of place because he did not have the other menrs thirst for imperialism. Later, Marlow becomes disturbed by the senseless amount of death and the lack of empathy for the natives. He then becomes disturbed by Kurtzrs greed and the unspeakable evils he has committed to get the ivory. Marlow watches the man succumb to his heart of darkness and die weak. He then reflects on the ease that any man, including himself, could fall in the way Kurtz did. At first, Kurtz claim that he was the kind of person who hates lie, however, he lies to Kurtzrs Intended the last world of Kurtz was her name (Conrad 157). Although Marlow has seen the horrors of colonialism, he keeps them to himself and also affected by its darkness. Chen !2 At the end of the book, Marlow is world-weary and jaded and feels partly responsible for the brutalities inflicted on the natives. His view of imperialism is negative. He comes to realize that The Company is keeping up appearances so that the rest of the civilized world will not know the extent it is ravaging Africa, its land, its animals, and its people.

Glendun river fieldwork report CCEA Free Essays

The aim of my fieldwork is to study how a river’s dynamics change downstream. Specifically I shall be looking at how particle size, discharge, cross sectional area, velocity, gradient and width change downstream. Planning To give a clear aim to my investigation I have decided to prove or disprove three hypotheses. We will write a custom essay sample on Glendun river fieldwork report CCEA or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are based on the ideal river model and they are: * Downstream discharge will increase * Downstream particle size will decrease * Downstream the gradient of the river will decrease As a class we decided that the Glendun River was an appropriate river to study since its length facilitates for a noticeable change in results between its source and its mouth. The river is also only an hour’s driving time from our school and the river has relatively easy access. It also has minimum human interference which could corrupt our data. This location has also been used in past river studies by our school and no safety problems arose in the past. We also discussed the possible safety issues that we should be aware of such as Weil’s disease, slippery rocks and pot holes in the river. We then ensured that a first aid kit was brought with us as well as mobile phones in case of an emergency and that appropriate clothing was worn. Also everyone was made aware of what procedures to follow in an emergency. The week before the fieldtrip we conducted a small pilot study in a small stream in the grounds of our school where we tested each piece of equipment to make sure it functioned correctly. We discovered that our flow metre was faulty so we decided to instead to time how long it took for an object to cover a stretch of river. We decided to use an orange since it is buoyant and brightly coloured and to use a 10 metre stretch of river since we are using it for other measurements and it is long enough to give reliable results. Also on the week before of our teachers went down to the river on a pre-site visit to check that all of our pre-determined sites were viable to use. She concluded that all our sites were practical to use in our investigation. Data Collection: Collected on Thursday 25th October The primary data used in this investigation is the results we took down on the fieldtrip. The secondary data sources we are going to use are the internet, our class notes and handouts, the David Wough AS level textbook and the Ordnance survey map. The type of sampling used on the fieldtrip was systematic; the sites chosen to investigate were 1.3km apart. Pragmatic sampling would have to have been used in the event that one of the pre defined sites proved to be inaccessible on the day; none of which were. Particle Size Particle size was recorded at each stop by two people measuring the longest axis of 30 stones from the river bed while a third person recorded the results. The average of the lengths was taken for each stop. The equipment used was a metre ruler. Cross Sectional Area The width of the river was measured by two people with a measuring tape at either side of the river. The depth was then recorded by another person with a metre stick taking measurements from the measuring tape to the riverbed in increments of 0.5 metres until the whole width of the river was recorded and then an average depth was calculated from these results. The cross sectional area was then worked out by multiplying the average depth by the average width. Velocity A ten metre stretch of the river was measured with the tape measure. An orange was dropped at the upstream end and a stopwatch was used to record the time taken for the orange to travel the ten metre stretch. This was repeated three times and an average taken. If the orange got stuck that particular attempt would be scrapped and then it would be carried out again. Gradient The gradient of the river was calculated with an abney level and a gauging pole. We used the same ten metre marking used when we measured velocity. We took three readings along the ten metre width and calculated the average gradient from them. Discharge The discharge of the river was worked out by multiplying the average velocity and the average cross sectional area found at each site to give the discharge. How to cite Glendun river fieldwork report CCEA, Papers

Cyber Security Case of 2012 LinkedIn Hack †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cyber Security Case of 2012 LinkedIn Hack. Answer: Introduction: Computers and the subsequent development of networking systems has not only connected the whole word through a huge web of the internet but also provided opportunities for malicious activities. The interlinking of different computer on the internet can be assumed as a favourable indication for hackers to trespass into networks without authentication. The damages which hacking can render are largely observed in terms of deleting files, access to passwords and other confidential information and capabilities to view the victims activities on a machine (Altner Servi, 2016). The recent decade has witnessed several high profile hacking cases in which colossal volumes of confidential user data were compromised. However it is essential to emphasize on the ethical and legal implications concerned with hacking that would assist in reflecting critically on the hacking incidents. The high profile hacking case under concern in this assignment is the 2012 LinkedIn hack that was responsible for mi sappropriation of almost 117 million user accounts and passwords (Beach, 2014). Ethical theories: In the case of 2012 LinkedIn hack it can be observed that deontology was violated since the ethical theory is based on the principle of people adhering to their duties and obligations. The role of the hackers as contributors to the society on ethical grounds is violated as they were not able to uphold the legal precedents related to use of computers and relevant networks. However, deontology could be critiqued in context of LinkedIns hacking case since there is no specific estimation of duties for the hackers. Therefore it is improbable to determine if the hackers have violated their duties. Consequentialism is also considered as a major ethical theory which determines the ethical validity of particular actions on the grounds of the actions relevant outcomes. The classification of consequentialism into various underlying theories on the grounds of the nature of the outcomes and its benefits could be observed in the theories of hedonism, utilitarianism, intellectualism and egoism. These individual theories are associated with distinct consequences such as hedonism characterizes the most desirable outcome that can be obtained from a process (Caelli Liu, 2017). However, in the case of the high profile hacking case of LinkedIn the impact of egoism can be profoundly observed. Egoism suggests the benefit for self and the example of the sale of the hacked LinkedIn user accounts and passwords on the Dark Web indicate that the hackers depicted egoism. Intellectualism can be apprehended in this case owing to the countermeasures implemented by LinkedIn to understand the sources of the breach and potential gaps in their design. The hacking incident also contributed to the increasing awareness among users regarding the security of their accounts that indicates promotion of knowledge and thereby intellectualism could be validated. Thereafter, utilitarianism can be anticipated to a certain extent despite the losses since hacking attacks enable the development of secure systems (Dely, 2015). High profile hacking attacks could also be reviewed on the grounds of pragmatism which indicates the progress of society on the grounds of scientific principles since the concerns of protection of systems are strengthened. The hacking attacks lead to explicit realization of scientific principles of experimentation, research and analysis of the hacking attacks. On the other hand, divine command cannot be perceived in this case since hackers do not have any ethical obligations to organization or ruler or any god in the case of the LinkedIn 2012 hack (Lera et al., 2016). Legal issues: The prominent highlights of cyber-crimes are associated with a considerable assortment of probable legal issues and the explicit legal regulation that could be identified in the state jurisdiction law of Western Australia is noted in Section 440A of Criminal Code Act 1913. The section is profoundly emphasized on the Unlawful Use of Computer and can be implemented in the case of hackers involved in the LinkedIn 2012 hack since they were accounted for unlawful access to a restricted computer network and utilization of the data for monetary benefits (Caelli Liu, 2017). Therefore, the hackers could be subject to imprisonment for 10 years and/or fine amounting up to $5000. Another profound legal regulation that could be observed in context of the LinkedIn 2012 hacks is the 18 USC Section 1030 of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) of US federal computer crime statute (Caelli Liu, 2017). The law is intended to address different acts related to compromises in network security and in t he concerned high profile hacking case, the involvement of hackers in the decryption of user account information. The hackers could face penalty of 10 years in prison with a fine of $250,000 for the first offence while the second offense could land them up in prison for 20 years. Conclusion: The report illustrated the four different ethical theories within legal jurisdiction pertaining to the 2012 LinkedIn hacking case. The discussion on ethical issues was based on multiple ethical theories which were reviewed within the constraints of the legal framework pertaining to cyber security. References Altner, D., Servi, L. (2016).A Two-Stage Stochastic Shift Scheduling Model for Cybersecurity Work force Optimization with On Call Options. Beach, S. K. (2014). Usable cybersecurity: Human factors in cybersecurity education curricula. Natl. Cybersecurity Inst. J, 5. Caelli, W. J., Liu, V. (2017).Cybersecurity education at formal university level: An Australian perspective. Dely, J. (2015). Incorporating Cybersecurity into Water Utility Master Planning. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2015(17), 1274-1287. Lera, F. J. R., Balsa, J., Casado, F., Fernndez, C., Rico, F. M., Matelln, V. (2016).Cybersecurity in Autonomous Systems: Evaluating the performance of hardening ROS. Mlaga, Spain, 47. Rieb, A., Lechner, U. (2016, August). Operation Digital Chameleon: Towards an Open Cybersecurity Method. In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Open Collaboration (p. 7).ACM.