Glendun river fieldwork report CCEA Free Essays

The aim of my fieldwork is to study how a river’s dynamics change downstream. Specifically I shall be looking at how particle size, discharge, cross sectional area, velocity, gradient and width change downstream. Planning To give a clear aim to my investigation I have decided to prove or disprove three hypotheses. We will write a custom essay sample on Glendun river fieldwork report CCEA or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are based on the ideal river model and they are: * Downstream discharge will increase * Downstream particle size will decrease * Downstream the gradient of the river will decrease As a class we decided that the Glendun River was an appropriate river to study since its length facilitates for a noticeable change in results between its source and its mouth. The river is also only an hour’s driving time from our school and the river has relatively easy access. It also has minimum human interference which could corrupt our data. This location has also been used in past river studies by our school and no safety problems arose in the past. We also discussed the possible safety issues that we should be aware of such as Weil’s disease, slippery rocks and pot holes in the river. We then ensured that a first aid kit was brought with us as well as mobile phones in case of an emergency and that appropriate clothing was worn. Also everyone was made aware of what procedures to follow in an emergency. The week before the fieldtrip we conducted a small pilot study in a small stream in the grounds of our school where we tested each piece of equipment to make sure it functioned correctly. We discovered that our flow metre was faulty so we decided to instead to time how long it took for an object to cover a stretch of river. We decided to use an orange since it is buoyant and brightly coloured and to use a 10 metre stretch of river since we are using it for other measurements and it is long enough to give reliable results. Also on the week before of our teachers went down to the river on a pre-site visit to check that all of our pre-determined sites were viable to use. She concluded that all our sites were practical to use in our investigation. Data Collection: Collected on Thursday 25th October The primary data used in this investigation is the results we took down on the fieldtrip. The secondary data sources we are going to use are the internet, our class notes and handouts, the David Wough AS level textbook and the Ordnance survey map. The type of sampling used on the fieldtrip was systematic; the sites chosen to investigate were 1.3km apart. Pragmatic sampling would have to have been used in the event that one of the pre defined sites proved to be inaccessible on the day; none of which were. Particle Size Particle size was recorded at each stop by two people measuring the longest axis of 30 stones from the river bed while a third person recorded the results. The average of the lengths was taken for each stop. The equipment used was a metre ruler. Cross Sectional Area The width of the river was measured by two people with a measuring tape at either side of the river. The depth was then recorded by another person with a metre stick taking measurements from the measuring tape to the riverbed in increments of 0.5 metres until the whole width of the river was recorded and then an average depth was calculated from these results. The cross sectional area was then worked out by multiplying the average depth by the average width. Velocity A ten metre stretch of the river was measured with the tape measure. An orange was dropped at the upstream end and a stopwatch was used to record the time taken for the orange to travel the ten metre stretch. This was repeated three times and an average taken. If the orange got stuck that particular attempt would be scrapped and then it would be carried out again. Gradient The gradient of the river was calculated with an abney level and a gauging pole. We used the same ten metre marking used when we measured velocity. We took three readings along the ten metre width and calculated the average gradient from them. Discharge The discharge of the river was worked out by multiplying the average velocity and the average cross sectional area found at each site to give the discharge. How to cite Glendun river fieldwork report CCEA, Papers

Cyber Security Case of 2012 LinkedIn Hack †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cyber Security Case of 2012 LinkedIn Hack. Answer: Introduction: Computers and the subsequent development of networking systems has not only connected the whole word through a huge web of the internet but also provided opportunities for malicious activities. The interlinking of different computer on the internet can be assumed as a favourable indication for hackers to trespass into networks without authentication. The damages which hacking can render are largely observed in terms of deleting files, access to passwords and other confidential information and capabilities to view the victims activities on a machine (Altner Servi, 2016). The recent decade has witnessed several high profile hacking cases in which colossal volumes of confidential user data were compromised. However it is essential to emphasize on the ethical and legal implications concerned with hacking that would assist in reflecting critically on the hacking incidents. The high profile hacking case under concern in this assignment is the 2012 LinkedIn hack that was responsible for mi sappropriation of almost 117 million user accounts and passwords (Beach, 2014). Ethical theories: In the case of 2012 LinkedIn hack it can be observed that deontology was violated since the ethical theory is based on the principle of people adhering to their duties and obligations. The role of the hackers as contributors to the society on ethical grounds is violated as they were not able to uphold the legal precedents related to use of computers and relevant networks. However, deontology could be critiqued in context of LinkedIns hacking case since there is no specific estimation of duties for the hackers. Therefore it is improbable to determine if the hackers have violated their duties. Consequentialism is also considered as a major ethical theory which determines the ethical validity of particular actions on the grounds of the actions relevant outcomes. The classification of consequentialism into various underlying theories on the grounds of the nature of the outcomes and its benefits could be observed in the theories of hedonism, utilitarianism, intellectualism and egoism. These individual theories are associated with distinct consequences such as hedonism characterizes the most desirable outcome that can be obtained from a process (Caelli Liu, 2017). However, in the case of the high profile hacking case of LinkedIn the impact of egoism can be profoundly observed. Egoism suggests the benefit for self and the example of the sale of the hacked LinkedIn user accounts and passwords on the Dark Web indicate that the hackers depicted egoism. Intellectualism can be apprehended in this case owing to the countermeasures implemented by LinkedIn to understand the sources of the breach and potential gaps in their design. The hacking incident also contributed to the increasing awareness among users regarding the security of their accounts that indicates promotion of knowledge and thereby intellectualism could be validated. Thereafter, utilitarianism can be anticipated to a certain extent despite the losses since hacking attacks enable the development of secure systems (Dely, 2015). High profile hacking attacks could also be reviewed on the grounds of pragmatism which indicates the progress of society on the grounds of scientific principles since the concerns of protection of systems are strengthened. The hacking attacks lead to explicit realization of scientific principles of experimentation, research and analysis of the hacking attacks. On the other hand, divine command cannot be perceived in this case since hackers do not have any ethical obligations to organization or ruler or any god in the case of the LinkedIn 2012 hack (Lera et al., 2016). Legal issues: The prominent highlights of cyber-crimes are associated with a considerable assortment of probable legal issues and the explicit legal regulation that could be identified in the state jurisdiction law of Western Australia is noted in Section 440A of Criminal Code Act 1913. The section is profoundly emphasized on the Unlawful Use of Computer and can be implemented in the case of hackers involved in the LinkedIn 2012 hack since they were accounted for unlawful access to a restricted computer network and utilization of the data for monetary benefits (Caelli Liu, 2017). Therefore, the hackers could be subject to imprisonment for 10 years and/or fine amounting up to $5000. Another profound legal regulation that could be observed in context of the LinkedIn 2012 hacks is the 18 USC Section 1030 of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) of US federal computer crime statute (Caelli Liu, 2017). The law is intended to address different acts related to compromises in network security and in t he concerned high profile hacking case, the involvement of hackers in the decryption of user account information. The hackers could face penalty of 10 years in prison with a fine of $250,000 for the first offence while the second offense could land them up in prison for 20 years. Conclusion: The report illustrated the four different ethical theories within legal jurisdiction pertaining to the 2012 LinkedIn hacking case. The discussion on ethical issues was based on multiple ethical theories which were reviewed within the constraints of the legal framework pertaining to cyber security. References Altner, D., Servi, L. (2016).A Two-Stage Stochastic Shift Scheduling Model for Cybersecurity Work force Optimization with On Call Options. Beach, S. K. (2014). Usable cybersecurity: Human factors in cybersecurity education curricula. Natl. Cybersecurity Inst. J, 5. Caelli, W. J., Liu, V. (2017).Cybersecurity education at formal university level: An Australian perspective. Dely, J. (2015). Incorporating Cybersecurity into Water Utility Master Planning. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2015(17), 1274-1287. Lera, F. J. R., Balsa, J., Casado, F., Fernndez, C., Rico, F. M., Matelln, V. (2016).Cybersecurity in Autonomous Systems: Evaluating the performance of hardening ROS. Mlaga, Spain, 47. Rieb, A., Lechner, U. (2016, August). Operation Digital Chameleon: Towards an Open Cybersecurity Method. In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Open Collaboration (p. 7).ACM.

Elements of Literature foreshadowing and Flashback Flashcard

Elements of Literature foreshadowing and Flashback Elements of Literature foreshadowing and Flashback Flashcard Elements of Literature foreshadowing and Flashback

Threats to Homeland Security essays

Threats to Homeland Security essays The United States has always faced threats from abroad, but also increasingly from within. In the 21st century, new threats have been introduced due to technological, biological, and chemical advances. These new concerns compromise the security of our nation, while the threats of classic warfare that have existed in the past still exist. The War on Terror has made terrorists abroad seek new ways to harm our country. Besides the fear of international terrorists, the threat from within in country from anarchists or rebels is an equally important concern. Our country has two major fronts of concern, the domestic threat, and the growing international one. Although the War on Terrorism focused on threats from abroad, many of the new threats to our country lie within our own borders. One form of domestic terrorism is Lone Wolf terrorism. This form occurs when an individual believes strongly in a certain cause and is willing to inflict violence on his own country. The most well known lone wolf is Timothy McVeigh, known for the Oklahoma City Bombing. McVeigh believed he was a crusader, defending the constitution. He hoped to start a revolution against what he believed to be a tyrannical federal government. In order to carry out his attack he parked a van containing 4,000 pounds of explosive material outside of the Federal Alfred P. Murrah Building, where it destroyed about half of the building, killing 168 people, including children in a day care on one of the floors. This attack was the second most deadly terrorist attack in the United States, the first being 9/11. This is one example of domestic terrorism that our own citizens have p articipated in. Although this is a severe problem, the most dangerous threat comes from outside of our borders. Therefore, securing our nations entry ways, including our ports and expansive borders, is vital for our security. The United States has over 300 sea and...

Cause and effect of divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cause and effect of divorce - Essay Example ons in life, which affect the longevity of marriage unions especially because different individuals have different capacities to withstand such challenges. This paper is a critical evaluation of the causes and effects of divorce. There are various reasons as to why a couple may decide to get a divorce. For example, it is true to say that once a person has decided to get married, he will have made an important choice to be loyal and faithful to the person he or she is going to marry. However, infidelity and adultery have continued to be a major threat to the institution of marriage especially in the contemporary society (Stewart 28). Cheating on a person is absurd and disrespectful and not many people can withstand the pain and agony associated with this shameful act. If proven, infidelity is a justifiable reason for any person to want to terminate a marriage especially in this era of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Domestic violence is an evil, which has continued to ruin marriages throughout the world. 2004 statistics indicate that 17% of divorce cases in the UK were because of one partner abusing the other either physically or emotionally (Lewis 44). Couples are supposed to love and protect each other. However, if a partner becomes a threat then divorce becomes a necessity to avoid complications, which may include disability or death. Every person has weaknesses and it is usually important for a couple to study each other in order to discover them before entering into a lifetime commitment. However, some couples get married without putting this into much thought or thinking that they would eventually help their partners to overcome their shortcomings only to end up being frustrated. Alcoholism and drug abuse are examples of such weaknesses, which have contributed to numerous cases of divorce around the world. Money is important but current trends have proved that it is a major source of conflicts between married couples (Stewart 47). The lack

William Burroughs and Rock Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

William Burroughs and Rock Culture - Essay Example William was born as the youngest son to a business family in St. Louis. He attended the John Burroughs School in St. Louis where his first published essay, "Personal Magnetism," was published in the John Burroughs Review in 1929. He then attended The Los Alamos Ranch School in New Mexico, which was stressful for him and was soon expelled from Los Alamos after taking chloral hydrate in Santa Fe with a fellow student. He finished high school at Taylor School in St. Louis and, in 1932, left home to pursue an arts degree at Harvard University. He was introduced to the gay culture at Harvard. According to According to Ted Morgan's Literary Outlaw, "His parents, upon his graduation, had decided to give him a monthly allowance of $200 out of their earnings from Cobblestone Gardens, a tidy sum in those days. It was enough to keep him going, and indeed it guaranteed his survival for the next twenty-five years, arriving with welcome regularity. The allowance was a ticket to freedom; it allowed him to live where he wanted to and to forgo employment. -Ted Morgan, Literary Outlaw. p.65. New York:Avon Books, 1988." The original edition of Junkie credited to "William Lee" was Burroughs's first novel publication. He had begun writing in 1945 and soon collaborated with Kerouac on "And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks, a mystery novel loosely based on the Carr/Kammerer situation that was left unpublished. An excerpt of this work, in which Burroughs and Kerouac wrote alternating chapters, was finally published in "Word Virus", a compendium of William Burroughs' writing that was published after his death in 1997. The first novel - Junkie, was taken from letters he had written to Ginsberg who encouraged him to think of writing a novel. Allen Ginsberg was the person who published his first novel as cheap as mass market paperback. Ace Books published the novel in 1953 under the pen name William Lee, re-titling it Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict. (It was later republished as Junkie or Junky). After the death of Ginsberg, William Burroughs wrote yet another novel. A novel resulted from this time, The Yage Letters, published in 1963 by San Francisco's City Lights Books comprising the letters between Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg. William Burroughs together with Ginsberg has characterized some of the essential effects of Beat Generation artistic movement in the following terms: "The evolution of rhythm and blues into rock and roll as a high art form, as evidenced by the Beatles, Bob Dylan, and other popular musicians influenced in the later fifties and sixties by Beat generation poets' and writers' works." William Seward Burroughs has been admired for his humor and talent of writing, but he is also the most appealing of all the major Beat figures. His crystalline clarity and raw power of writing influenced the rock culture of that era to a great extent. His particular emphasis on the issue of personal freedom brought about a whole new concept for the generation. Possibly, William was one of the most colorful writers who emerged on scene from the Beat period, and he led an extremely interesting life. He graduated from Harvard University in 1936 and was well known during his college days

Opportunity Of Top Glove Entering Indonesia Marketing Essay

Opportunity Of Top Glove Entering Indonesia Marketing Essay 1.0 Introduction Top Glove was established in 1991 as a small factory with three production lines, but it has since grown exponentially to become the largest rubber glove manufacturer in the world (Top Glove, 2013). It was listed on Bursa Saham Kuala Lumpur on 27th march, 2001 and promoted to Main Market of KLSE in 16th may 2002. The company have shareholder funds worth RM1.28b with annual turnover of RM2.31 billion at financial year ended on 31st August 2012. The companys current headquarters is located in Malaysia at Jalan Meru Klang, Selangor. The company currently have sales office in China, Thailand, USA, and Germany. In order to capture more global market share, the company has taken a rapid expansion of its capacity. The companys manufacturing facilities which are located at Malaysia, Thailand, and China grew to 24 from only 5 when it was listed in BSKL on 2001. Top Glove Corporation Berhad wholly-owned the subsidiary of Top Glove in Thailand and China. The company represents 26 percent of the market share worldwide (Tan Sri Dato Sri Lim, 2008). Currently, the company exports to its 1,800 customers in more than 185 countries around the world (Top Glove, 2013). The companys products are exported and available in most countries in North America, Latin America, Europe, Middle East and Asia region (Tan Sri Dato Sri Lim, 2011). The vision of Top Glove is to strive to be the worlds leading manufacturer with excellent quality glove products that enrich and protect human lives while the mission statements is to be world class glove manufacturer providing top quality product with excellent services through continuous improvement and innovation. The company offers 13 types of rubber gloves to the public such as latex examination gloves, nitrile examination gloves, vinyl examination gloves, surgical glove, clean disposable gloves, general purpose glove and others. Top glove have the capabilities to produce total production capabilities of 40.3 billion pair of glove annually. This because the company has 24 factories and 462 manufacturing line that can produce vast amount of glove. Indonesia is a tropical country located near Top Glove home country, Malaysia. Tropical weather in Indonesia allows for fertile growth of rubber trees that are used in production of latex. One of the agricultural industries in Indonesia is rubber industry (CIA, 2012). The large and fertile soil is one of the geographic advantages of the country from Top Gloves view. It enables large supplies of latex to facilitate the production of gloves to processing and manufacturing plants of Top Glove. Indonesia is a country that posses one of the lowest labour cost in the world. Indonesia currently has 248.6 million residents which is the 4th most populated country in the world (CIA, 2012). Cheap labour cost coupled with large supply of raw material makes it a suitable location for Top Glove to expand into. This factor will save the cost of production thus enable the company to sell their product at cheaper price, so that they can compete better in global market. Indonesia also experienced active reform in business regulation in recent years and is among the top 50 economies improving the most and the top 5 within the East Asia and Pacific Region (The World Bank and International Corporation, 2012). 14% of its GDP is consists of agricultural sector (CIA, 2012). The inflation rate also improved from 5.4% in 2011 to 4.5% in 2012 (CIA, 2012). According to Dean (2001), doing business and investment in most parts of Indonesia is relatively safe and profitable. Thus, the stable economic and political environmental encouraged Top Glove to expands to the country. 2.0 Analysis There are several reasons that attract Top Gloves Corporation to explore into Indonesia market. However, entering a foreign may not only brings gains but also shortcomings. Hence by analyzing the respective country, we able to understand is it significant for Top Gloves Corporation to invest or to enter Indonesia market. According to Managing Director of Top Gloves Corporation KM Lee, he stated that the rise in healthcare standards tied with the increase in the global population had increases the demand of medical gloves (Top Gloves, 2013). Meanwhile, Chairman Tan Sri Lim Wee Chai indicated that the rise in the labor cost with the introduction of the minimum wage policy had forces the group to increase its glove prices by 3-5 per cent, depending on the type of product. With the rise on demand of medical gloves, thus, Top Gloves Corporation tends to expand their production line (Top Gloves, 2013). Besides, the increase of labor cost due to minimum cost forcing the corporation to look after a lower-cost country, as the labor cost will be lower. From the literature findings, John Tanner (1996) found that Indonesia is low cost skilled labor that benefits to Top Gloves Corporation. Furthermore, Indonesia is a country that rich with natural resources that match the Top Gloves nature of business that is the rubber (Doing Business, 2012). Thus, expanding a plant into Indonesia market may lead the corporation to gain more profit, as the production line can be more effective and efficient. Apart from that, Indonesia was a main attraction for Top Gloves Corporation because the country of Indonesia able to offer a lower production cost as the labor cost resources is lower in price. According to Sari Shaviriyani (2006), a statistic shows that Indonesias population is the world fourth largest. The workforces over the country are huge and young enable the labor cost to be lower as the workforce supply is higher than the demand forcing the wages to be lower down. More to the point, the workforces are young and energetic allowing Top Gloves production line to produce more effectively. In addition, Indonesias government does encourage more foreign investment by establishing certain departments and supportive bodies in order to speed up the investment licensing procedures (Sari Shaviriyani, 2006). Besides, some incentives are also provided to foreign investors, including tax incentives that enable Top Gloves Corporation to increase their companys profit by paying fewer taxes (Sari Shaviriyani, 2006). However, this was theoretically to benefit the public interest, as the increase in competition in these open sectors will force the companies to operate efficiently and cut prices to win market share (Sari Shaviriyani, 2006). In that sense, it will creates a win-win solution for the country itself and the foreign company as the economy of Indonesia able to boom and the citizen of Indonesia able to enjoy the goods at lower prices meanwhile the operation can be carry on at a lower price. However, every pro comes with a con as Indonesia offers a lot of gains to attract foreign company to invest into Indonesia but there is still a bit of shortcoming (Sari Shaviriyani, 2006). Top Gloves Corporation had to suffer high initial investment, as the country of Indonesia had no technological deepening of manufacturing sector production and exports creating a mess for Top Gloves Corporation to take initiative to invest. Furthermore, home country of Indonesia drives to pick-up all the skills and technique from Top Gloves Corporation that makes them a future threat. Additionally, lack of highly educated people can also be a shortcoming of Top Gloves Corporation as the company focuses more on hiring highly educated people. This reason is because the operation of the machine maybe too technical and may need a knowledgeable people to ensure everything operates in effective and efficient way. Lastly, ecology can be also another shortcoming for the Top Gloves as the climate of Indonesia changes rapidly that may affect the fertile of the plantation causing a shortage in the resources. Some of the global climate changes that might affect the plantation of Indonesia such as rising sea levels, rising air temperatures, changes in rainfall period, and extreme climate change. Similarly, the influence of a combination of raising temperature in regions, changes in the level of precipitation and the intensity of drought/flood (Sari Shaviriyani, 2006). Although, climate changes may sound serious but open burning on the forest as the tradition of Indonesia in order to maintain the plantation to be fertile would be more devastating as it will bring down the goodwill of Top Gloves Corporation (Dyna Rochmyaningsih, 2012). 3.0 Recommendation The current strategies used by Top Glove are exporting and wholly owned subsidiary. Top Gloves had done successfully with both of the strategy, however, they are continuing in seeking the new way to expand to more and more country. We recommended Top gloves to expand into worldwide, which is acquisition strategy. One of the successful companies who using acquisition strategy is Showa Co. who acquired all of Tillotsons Best Glove operations and subsidiaries, which are helping to create a global leader position in the glove manufacturing (Showa Glove, 2009). Acquisition of the company in the same industry will improve the company strength in production, reaching customer, and even the operation through synergy strategy such as the expertise and machinery (Showa Glove, 2009). The advantages of acquisition brings to the Top Gloves is reduced the cost. Top Gloves are able to generate the raw material needed to process the gloves like palm kernel shell and latex from Indonesia Besides, the labour cost in Indonesia is much cheaper compared with Malaysians labour cost. We suggest that Top Gloves should maintain their current expansion strategy which is exporting and building the manufacture in foreign country, at the same time, adopt the acquisition to take over the related company in foreign markets. Once it is confirmed that the market possesses a huge potential for gloves market, Top Gloves may set up a manufacture plant in Indonesia and implement backward integration by taking over the related company such as supplier for palm kernel shell firms. Top Glove should be aware of the policy changes. Policy changes exist due to unstable condition in term of political pressure, economic trend, social unrest and restriction of the ownership of nondomestic company (Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. Y., 2010). According to Boediono (2005), to achieve long term business profit in a dynamic changing country like Indonesia, it is important to maintain awareness between economies and political issues. A strong professional team must be developed to maintain high policy effectiveness. Hence, to managing threats of policy changes, Top Glove can gather more foreign information in Indonesia through recruit foreign proficient consultant who understands the foreign culture well. Hiring local managerial talent is the best ways in foreseen and helps in explore business opportunity, it may facilitating the procedures in getting approval and application of local operation and result in attracting more local people join to the new established company. Besides, government will make change on economic policy and legal rules in order to forcing the business to update the way they do the business (External Environment Theory, 2013). Thus, Top Glove must managing political-risk services and issues carefully which is incurring news publication, employment issues, banks association and social media network. The company can rely on lobbying to help in administration of political matter and business operation, associate with public and bringing positive impact to social. Buy this way, Top Glove can reduce the risk in global business extension and minimize the possibility of legal fault. Top Glove should create own brands in the long term as it does not have own brand gloves. By creating its own blend of gloves helps Top glove to build brand images and secure customer loyalty by having products that carry its own brand name. The benefit of creating a own brand name would also include create brand recognition, an existing firm that has strong brand recognition will repel the new entrants and if the brand existing product is being perceived as unique would result in competitor need to spend more cash to promote and educate its customer about their product and directly increase the cost of taking over the market thus make the market unfavorable for new entrants (CIMB, 2007). Due to gigantic size of Top Glove Company, exponential growth and expansion could go against Top Gloves favor and makes it difficult to control and keep an eye on its foreign plants. Top Glove need to create a more centralized decision making environment which its foreign plants receive orders from its mother headquarters and enforce strict controls on the foreign plants to ensure illegal activities which is demonstrated by illegal labor issue once happened to top glove manufacturing plant at Klang that whooped to RM 11.4million would not happen in the future (ANIS, 2006). Top Glove should develop more unique technology to increase barrier of entry. currently Top Gloves latex manufacturing sector known to have a low entry barrier which is only from around 1 million to 1.5 million to open a new production line. It is considered low barrier for competitor manufacturer to enter the industry. New players only need to keep on producing to enjoy the share of wealth from the market due to economic of scale. Aggressive expansion by big players pose a serious threat to Top Glove as they need to come out with something unique in order to distinguish themselves from the competitors. For example top glove can develop proprietary product technology, technology is an intangible asset that resembles a barrier to entry, if an existing product is protected by a patent, it would not be possible for the new entrant to use the same technology to create the product without the permission from the patent owner (TomSpencer, 2010). Top-Glove needs to protect their intellectual property right from violation in Indonesia. Of Protection of intellectual property rights (IPR), Indonesia is hindered by inadequate enforcement of the relevant rules and regulations. Problem in intellectual property rights protection raised by industry include rampant audio, software, and video disk piracies (with a piracy rate estimated at 87 percent); the high percentage of piracy will affect the revenue of Top-Glove in Indonesias market. So a strong professional team must be created to strengthen and find ways to protect the intellectual property in Indonesia to create a high competitiveness or more values company in the Indonesia. Top Glove Company should be vigilant and creative in building strategies to protect their products from infringement. As an example, a company might first identify the counterfeiters of its product. They then proceed to negotiate and try to develop them as legal licensees of it products. Several general principles are important for effective management of intellectual property rights in Indonesia. First, it is important to have an overall strategy to protect your company IP. Second, company IP is protected differently in Indonesia than in the other country. Third, right must be registered and enforced in Indonesia under their local laws. Registration of patents and trademark is on a first-in-time, first-in-right-basis, so Top Glove should apply for trademark and patent protection even before selling their products or services in the Indonesia market. It is the responsibility of rights holder to register, protect, and enforce their right. Company may wish to seek advice from local attorneys or IP consultants who are experts in Indonesia law. It is important of strengthen and protect the intellectual property before entering a new entry market. It will bring the company a lot of economic benefit for their business and prevents other parties from using and taking the be nefit of the result of their creative and innovative mind without their concern (Purba, 2001 Sommeng, 2002). 4.0 Conclusion When we try to expand to others countries, it is important for us to analyze the countrys environment factors. The environmental factors consist of their political legal, economic competitiveness, social cultural, technology and local competitor. Then the company needs to know how much benefit they can gain from the expansion strategy that they use versus the risk that they assume in order to implement the expansion strategy to another country. By knowing this, the company will have better chance of succeeding in the new market. Top Gloves is currently facing some problems which are the increase of labor cost, high initial investment, lack of educated people and ecology. It is estimated that glove prices will increase by 3-5 percent result of the increase in the labor cost according to the categories of the product. Initially, Top Glove also need to invest heavily when first expand the market into Indonesia. In addition, lack of skills and technique workers in Indonesia will slow down the operation in producing the product. On top of that, plantation is also another issue result of the changes of climate. Throughout the analysis, we found out that Top Gloves using the wholly owned subsidiary and exporting as its expansion strategy. In order to compete, Top Glove needs to use exporting strategies because the local market is not big enough to support the growth of the company. Top Glove had owned large percent of the global latex market besides from few competitors in other countries. Besides that, in our assignment, we also had recommended some expansion strategies which will work out on Top Glove Company in Indonesia. These includes the expansion of their production line in rubber rich country of Indonesia. However, there is little aspect which Top Glove had to concern when they need to enter into new market which is political aspect, the countrys economy perspective, IP protection and so on. All these aspect will directly influence the brand image of Top Glove and also ROI to the company. Foreign country expansion and exporting strategy will help the company to reduce the risk. If there is a problem in a country, the company still can survive because they have wholly owned subsidiaries in other countries. My having wholly owned subsidiaries in other countries, the company can better manage their operation and strategy implementation. So in overall, we think that the company should enter Indonesia market. The benefit bought by the expansion outweighs the risk to the company. We predicted the company will continue to flourish under the new expansion into Indonesia. Hopefully, the expansion will pave a way for the company to be more competitive and able to maximize their shareholders wealth.